Review of "goblet words" English-speaking world

Review of "goblet words" English-speaking world 

Fable, heavy words and goblet words, is "Zhuangzi" a unique way of speaking, it resolves a dispute that has always been discrimination, where "goblet words" particularly the academic weight, are found to have English-speaking world to explore. English translation and a variety of related papers "Zhuang Zi", the goblet of translation only a few words, mostly to comply with China's influential ancient commentaries.

There will be three British sinologists "Zhuangzi" full translation into English of the 19th century. Balfour (Frederic Henry Balfour) is the first translator, he worked in Beijing, with the House and Capital University. He did not Zhiyan corresponding words translated into English, but to decipher its meaning, according to Guo Xiang and Tang Lude note that "Annotation of Classics", highlighting the goblet words, "because things change with the" characteristics. Cambridge University professor Han Zhai Magnus (Herbert Allen Giles) translated as "Goblet words" (goblet words), for the wine goblet, so ancient note. The translation of its simple image, closer to the original meaning and widely accepted. Oxford University professor of Sinology Legge (James Legge) translated as "Cup, or Goblet Words". On the "Zhuangzi" in the words of the discourse associated with a goblet, Legge translation mainly is based on ease Xuanying, and Lushu Zhi Wang heavy fall of rain in the preamble to list its translation in these village school to membership.

Into the 20th century, Columbia University professor Burton Watson (Burton Waston) full translation of the most respected scholars. University of Pennsylvania Professor Mair (Victor H. Mair) full translation of emphasis "Zhuangzi" literary, but also influential. Burton Watson followed Zhai Magnus translation, interpretation goblet words in the first paragraph of the articles footnote "fable", emphasizing its infinite variety of features, from Guo Xiang note. Mair will goblet words translated as "Impromptu words" (improvised words between the banquet), also based on the Chinese ancient note.

In addition, the goblet is why, ancient and modern scholars have to be local problems Dynasty, scholar English-speaking world have research in this area. University of Alberta Associate Professor, Department of East Asian Fuyun Bo (Daniel Fried) believes that goblet is a tip at the end for agricultural irrigation bottle, not jade ritual, which is detailed in the paper saying "never stable words: Chuang Tzu's goblet Speaking for the tip at the end of the irrigation bottle. "

Western scholars have their specific academic traditions and awareness of the problem, other than to comply with the commentaries of ancient China, which is different from the research perspective is bound to local scholars.

First, the involvement of the religious factor is very obvious. Zhai Magnus translation "goblet made by Sunrise, and Ni in days" when, directly to the "day Ni" translated as "God". Day Ni no means God, this translation gives Zhiyan religious meaning. Stanford University Professor of Religion Department of Li Ye Li (Lee H. Yearley) relegated to "Taoist expression and persuasion: Stroll Zhuangzi type of language," a text of Zhiyan been explained from the perspective of religious ethics, to give a high Zhiyan evaluation of. In his view, How to persuade a way to show the world beyond our commonly understood, is a critical issue facing religious ethics, only Zhiyan can credibly demonstrate that world. In addition, Li Ye Li in interpreting goblet words, it linked the two concepts "day Ni" and "Tianjin" and proposed a novel theory. He thought process involved in day Zhiyan Ni (whetstone of Heaven, days grindstone) to shape things, day Ni has been translated into Tianjun (The potter's wheel of Heaven, days of the potter's wheel). Grindstone and Jun Tao is produced by controlling the violence a new and better form, Chuang Tzu as a metaphor, highlighted his understanding of the spirit of the promotion, also highlights the goblet statement to the performance of this idea. This interpretation is over-interpretation of "Zhuang Zi", and in what attitude towards violence is a topic of Western religion, not the problem "Zhuangzi" discussed the meaning of words but not the goblet. Although this analysis clearly contrary to the "Zhuangzi" refers to, let us see the ancient Chinese classics helpful to solve the problem of Western scholarship.

Secondly, the West began from ancient Greece, with particular emphasis on the debate from the perspective of how to persuade listeners or readers. On the Western rhetoric traditionally been equated with "the art of speech" (the art of speaking) or "art of persuasion" (the art of persuasion). In this academic background, Anglo-American scholars in the study Zhiyan, with particular emphasis debate. From the perspective of the occurrence, emphasizing Zhiyan produced in the context of the debate. From the perspective of the debate process, focus on the use of word skills. From the perspective of the purpose of the debate, attention Zhiyan convincing. British sinologist Graham (AC Graham) said: fable, heavy words and goblet made by these three terms is a special vocabulary is developed during the debate criticized by the Zhuangzi. This assertion is accurate, say the study "Zhuangzi" said the morphology of the way and enlighten the text. Graham will goblet word translated as "Spillover saying" (emanation of speech), and undefinable: it can freely switch from one view to another point of view, without it, we can not prolong survival or argument. In other words, in his view, it is the argument made by goblet in an indispensable way of speaking. However, the so-called "not to extend the argument," "Zi" and do not have the original expression, which is the content of the translator added. About goblet statement of purpose and effect, Li Ye Li believes that different from a goblet made by another logical rhetorical form of debate, its role is convincing, persuading people to think even accept that they thought this was strange, it is confused or simply wrong thinking, behaviour and angles. I believe that, although Zhiyan is presented in the context of the Warring States philosophers debate, its meaning is not to convince others, but beyond debate, said Lee failed to cut misses the mark. In contrast, Graham's view is closer to the characteristics of goblet words, he believes that Taoism does not want to reveal the truth or reality with the words, just to remind us of the limitations of language and use it to guide our understanding of the world and change the perspective of the true meaning of life .

Again, the Western academic tradition also pays special attention Fenshu oral and written language, Aristotle's "Rhetoric," a book on addressing this issue. University of Michigan professor of East Asian Linshun Fu (Shuen-Fu Lin) in the "Inner Chapters of the language," a paper presented, goblet made by the Taoist only ideal way of speaking, refers is consistent with the role of the mind in ways dictated behaviour. Zhiyan is a verbal expression, which translates into a written text. He further explores the relationship as a goblet made by writing the structure and philosophy of "Zhuangzi" the. He believes that the Jin Phrase note says "that the fragmented words would be no end to" identify the meaning of "goblet" and "support" pun, which will form the word and fragmented "Zhuangzi" prose described abnormal body shape drew an analogy, this is a lot of internal papers and other parts of the book written in the style of important insights. Zi is the only thinker to try to express their ideas in corresponding prose.

Finally, the author, text and reader are three perspectives research work. Chinese Literary Theory of Mencius "Reflection of Life," "meaning against," said the representative, meaning the special emphasis on pushing the original author, the author's emphasis on research, the relative neglect of the text discussed from the perspective of the reader. In the 1970s, the rise of Western aesthetics, highlighting the role of the reader in the construction works of significance in the process. In a study of Zhiyan in, we could see the shadow of reception aesthetics, manifested in the goblet on how to read words, to explore the meaning of words to the reader goblet. Has taught at American universities of Wu Guangming (Kuang-Ming Wu) Professor "Zhiyan fable tautology - philosophical methodology Zhuangzi" a paper presented, goblet words are those words, it requires us to change, to be evaluated and deformation, absolutely intelligent and flexible in the face of things. We feel that reading is strangely purified, those words of advocacy function to make us think. Their clumsy obscure cannot be attributed to Chuang Tzu, but because of the wrong way of reading. We must give way to the creation of (non-party, inaction), relax, and let us in and for itself (hanging solution, Liberating). Then, we will be able to see and understand. They allow the reader to re-read over and over again, until the stop thinking and just use intuition to feel.

US Department of Philosophy and Religion Professor Wang Another example (Your Wang) Rowan University in "Zen and Taoist Chuang Tzu's language policy," a book, has also been on the analysis of Zhiyan from the perspective of the reader. He said: The Zhiyan common language with other modes distinguish that Zhiyan knows about communication contains Zhuangzi, Zhuangzi think communication is the sharing and participation, rather than the dissemination of information or knowledge. Chuang Tzu and there is no specific information to convey, there is - or awaken spiritual transformation and a new life, Zi is to share with readers. Chuang just wants readers to question their own way of thinking, goblet purpose is to stimulate awareness of the words themselves. He worked at US Deep Springs College scholar Jennifer Rapp (Jennifer R. Rapp) in "Comparative Poetics: Ou Tanke shelter Fernandez, Zhuangzi and balance the human imagination constructed" a paper also expressed similar views.

For the familiar "Zhuangzi" local academics, research in the English-speaking world, which is intended to more closely tie to "Zhuangzi" the text, which deviates significantly from Chuang and even run counter to the purpose is not difficult to identify, discern the right and wrong of course essential, but this is not the author wrote purposes. If they can, and then learn more about the discussion by overseas Sinology a specific problem with the blend of Chinese and Western academic differences, a deeper understanding of themselves, but also to better understand others, would not Good, good!